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Tea and biscuits


Sugar Ape
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Just now, General Dryness said:

Yes, Shooters kettle contains only liquid hydrogen because he done boiled off all the oxygen.

Fuckin' hate it when that happens. I was boiling some milk the other day and ended up with a pan of chlorine. Fair ruined my hot chocolate. 

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1 hour ago, General Dryness said:

Bollocks.

Boiling water removes dissolved oxygen and other gases. The solubility of gases in liquids is decreased as temperature increases. This manifests as a problem when water is used for cooling, e.g. in a power plant. The warm water returned to the river is depleted in oxygen, which can kill off the fish and other animals (crustaceans, molluscs, etc.)

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9 minutes ago, Shooter in the Motor said:

Boiling water removes dissolved oxygen and other gases. The solubility of gases in liquids is decreased as temperature increases. This manifests as a problem when water is used for cooling, e.g. in a power plant. The warm water returned to the river is depleted in oxygen, which can kill off the fish and other animals (crustaceans, molluscs, etc.)

Wheres that from? 

 

Think about it, boiling doesn't split atoms.

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"One common misconception people have is believing that bubbles are made of hydrogen and oxygen. When water boils, it changes phase, but the chemical bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms don't break. The only oxygen in some bubbles comes from dissolved air. There isn't any hydrogen gas."

 

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-the-bubbles-in-boiling-water-4109061

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There is so much conflict in information on this. 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry's_law

 

If I could work this out, I reckon we would know for sure...

 

Values of Henry's law constants[edit]

A large compilation of Henry's law constants has been published by Sander (2015).[2] A few selected values are shown in the table below:

Henry's law constants (gases in water at 298.15 K)
equation:
unit: (dimensionless)
O2 770 1.3×10−3 4.3×104 3.2×10−2
H2 1300 7.8×10−4 7.1×104 1.9×10−2
CO2 29 3.4×10−2 1.6×103 8.3×10−1
N2 1600 6.1×10−4 9.1×104 1.5×10−2
He 2700 3.7×10−4 1.5×105 9.1×10−3
Ne 2200 4.5×10−4 1.2×105 1.1×10−2
Ar 710 1.4×10−3 4.0×104 3.4×10−2
CO 1100 9.5×10−4 5.8×104 2.3×10−2

Temperature dependence[edit]

When the temperature of a system changes, the Henry constant also changes. The temperature dependence of equilibrium constants can generally be described with the van 't Hoff equation, which also applies to Henry's law constants:

where  is the enthalpy of dissolution. Note that the letter  in the symbol  refers to enthalpy and is not related to the letter  for Henry's law constants. Integrating the above equation and creating an expression based on  at the reference temperature  = 298.15 K yields:

[8]

The van 't Hoff equation in this form is only valid for a limited temperature range in which  does not change much with temperature.

The following table lists some temperature dependencies:

Values of  (in K)
O2 H2 CO2 N2 He Ne Ar CO
 1700   500   2400   1300   230   490   1300   1300 

Solubility of permanent gases usually decreases with increasing temperature at around room temperature. However, for aqueous solutions, the Henry's law solubility constant for many species goes through a minimum. For most permanent gases, the minimum is below 120 °C. Often, the smaller the gas molecule (and the lower the gas solubility in water), the lower the temperature of the maximum of the Henry's law constant. Thus, the maximum is at about 30 °C for helium, 92 to 93 °C for argon, nitrogen and oxygen, and 114 °C for xenon.[9]

Effective Henry's law constants Heff[edit]

The Henry's law constants mentioned so far do not consider any chemical equilibria in the aqueous phase. This type is called the "intrinsic" (or "physical") Henry's law constant. For example, the intrinsic Henry's law solubility constant of formaldehyde can be defined as

In aqueous solution, methanal is almost completely hydrated:

The total concentration of dissolved methanal is

Taking this equilibrium into account, an effective Henry's law constant  can be defined as

For acids and bases, the effective Henry's law constant is not a useful quantity because it depends on the pH of the solution.[10] In order to obtain a pH-independent constant, the product of the intrinsic Henry's law constant  and the acidity constant  is often used for strong acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl):

Although  is usually also called a Henry's law constant, it is a different quantity and it has different units than .

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